Final answer:
A bill of lading represents title to goods in an export transaction, and it is a key document for the transfer of ownership in shipping. Muslim traders historically used letters of credit to facilitate secure long-distance trade without physically transporting large amounts of gold.
Step-by-step explanation:
The document that represents title to goods in an export transaction is A) bill of lading. This document serves as a receipt for the cargo and contains the terms of the shipping agreement, detailing what is being shipped, the quantity, and the destination. It is essential for the legal transfer of ownership and is necessary for the seller to receive payment and for the buyer to claim the goods upon arrival.
As for the historical question about Muslim traders, they often relied on c) letters of credit to avoid having to carry large amounts of gold over great distances. This financial instrument facilitated trade by allowing traders to deposit funds with a trustworthy source and then withdraw those funds at another location, thus making long-distance trade more secure and efficient.