Final answer:
The dimension of Hofstede's national cultural dimensions focusing on how societies value tradition is Short-term orientation. It reflects the emphasis on maintaining traditions and is contrasted with long-term orientation, which is geared towards future rewards and adaptability.
Step-by-step explanation:
The dimension of Hofstede's dimensions of national culture that examines how people value history and tradition is Short-term orientation (Option A). This cultural dimension contrasts how societies prioritize and maintain their cultural traditions and norms. Societies with a short-term orientation generally focus on the past and present, emphasizing respect for tradition, preservation of 'face', and fulfilling social obligations.
Versus long-term orientation where the focus is on future rewards, with more emphasis on saving, perseverance, and adaptation to changing circumstances. The wrong options include: B) Achievement orientation, C) Uncertainty avoidance orientation, D) Individualism, and E) Power distance orientation, none of which are specifically about the value placed on history and tradition.