Final answer:
Observations made by marketers from roaming the streets, such as in Mumbai, are considered direct perception and fall under qualitative research. This method allows for nonreactive, real-time observation to understand consumer behaviors and attitudes. Correct option is E.
Step-by-step explanation:
Observations made from roaming the streets of Mumbai are an example of E) direct perception for marketers. This type of observation falls under the category of qualitative research, which often comprises information that is subjective and based on what is seen in a natural setting. Unlike secondary data or second-hand information that comes from existing records, direct perception involves observing the behavior and characteristics of individuals in real-time and is considered nonreactive or unobtrusive as it does not alter or influence people's behaviors.
When marketers use direct perception, they are engaging in an observation environment that allows them to gather first-hand insights and understandings about consumer behaviors, preferences, and attitudes as they occur naturally. This primary data is invaluable for forming marketing strategies and understanding the target audience in a detailed and nuanced way.