Final answer:
Self-Actualization in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs entails fulfilling personal potential and goals, being the final phase after physiological, security, social, and esteem needs are met, and represents the humanistic view of positive human nature.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Self-Actualization step in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs primarily involves fulfilling one's potential and achieving personal growth and goals. This is the top tier of the pyramid and encompasses a person's drive to realize their unique abilities and strive towards personal excellence. According to Abraham Maslow, self-actualization is an ongoing process, which only a small number of people fully achieve. It presupposes that the lower level needs, such as physiological, security, social, and esteem needs, have been satisfied to a reasonable degree. Self-actualization reflects the humanistic emphasis on the positive aspects of human nature.
Additionally, in later studies, the concept of self-transcendence was added above self-actualization, representing the motivation for achieving meaning and purpose beyond personal concerns, sometimes leading to self-sacrifices for a greater cause, as seen in the actions of individuals like Mohandas K. Gandhi.
Self-actualization is often misrepresented; it is not about happiness, wealth, or success in the conventional sense, but about realizing one's full capabilities, contributing to the world, and becoming the best version of oneself.