Final answer:
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) does include a behavioral component in the treatment of phobias, contrary to statements (a) and (b), and behavioral components are indeed relevant to psychological interventions, which disproves statement (d).
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of the question is best defined as Psychology, specifically focusing on the treatment of phobias using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Cognitive-behavioral therapists consider both cognitive processes and behaviors when providing psychotherapy, which is relevant to treating psychological phobias. The correct statement is (c) CBT includes a behavioral component in psychological phobia interventions.
CBT is a widely-used form of psychological treatment that combines cognitive and behavioral strategies to address a range of issues, including phobias. The behavioral aspect of CBT often includes techniques such as graded exposure, where patients are gradually exposed to their fear objects or situations while learning relaxation and coping strategies to manage their anxiety. This method is well-supported by research as an effective approach for treating phobias.
Multiple studies, such as those by Lovaas (1987) and Butlera et al. (2006), have provided evidence of the effectiveness of CBT, including its behavioral components, in improving psychological outcomes for various conditions like autism and PTSD, respectively. Evidence-based practice, as discussed by Charman and Barkham (2005), heavily emphasizes the use of interventions like CBT that are supported by empirical research.