Final answer:
Social roles do not factor into determining an individual's biological sex, which is characterized by chromosomes, hormones, and secondary sex characteristics. The correct option is D) Social roles
Step-by-step explanation:
All of the following factors determine an individual's biological sex except social roles. Biological sex is defined by a range of characteristics including chromosomes, hormones, and secondary sex characteristics. Chromosomes are genetic structures responsible for inheriting sex-specific traits, with typical male individuals having XY and typical female individuals having XX chromosomes.
Hormones such as testosterone and estrogen play crucial roles in developing secondary sex characteristics and contributing to the biological differences seen in males and females. Secondary sex characteristics include features such as facial hair or breast development that emerge during puberty.
However, social roles are associated with the societal expectations and behaviors prescribed to individuals based on their gender and do not have a direct influence on an individual's biological makeup. The correct option is D) Social roles