Final answer:
The tissue described with an extensive mineralized extracellular matrix and scattered cells is bone tissue, which serves as the body's protective and supportive connective tissue.
Step-by-step explanation:
A tissue sample that is examined and found to have an extensive mineralized extracellular matrix with cells scattered within the matrix is most likely bone tissue. Bone is known as the hardest connective tissue in the body and serves multiple functions such as providing protection to internal organs, supporting the body, and facilitating movement. The rigidity of bone is largely due to its extracellular matrix, which consists of collagen fibers and a mineralized ground substance that is rich in hydroxyapatite, a form of calcium phosphate. Osteocytes, which are the bone cells, are located within small cavities called lacunae that are dispersed throughout this matrix. Bone's ability to recover from injuries and its vascularized nature distinguish it from cartilage, another type of supportive tissue.