Final answer:
A rule that describes the exact process for a specific situation is a standard operating procedure (SOP), which ensures uniformity and consistency in carrying out specific functions within organizations.
Step-by-step explanation:
A rule describing exactly what process to follow in a specific situation is called a standard operating procedure (SOP). This term refers to the established, detailed, written instructions designed to achieve uniformity of the performance of a specific function. These procedures are vital in many settings, especially in bureaucratic environments where adherence to a set of explicit rules is important to ensure fair and consistent operations. SOPs are a form of procedural guidelines that are essential for organizations to function effectively and are followed regardless of the situations that lower-level bureaucrats face. For instance, in legislatures, the rules that structure debate are known as parliamentary procedures. Furthermore, in social groups, sets of group expectations for appropriate thoughts and behaviors of its members can be referred to as social norms or social roles.
In summary, SOPs are a kind of procedural blueprint used by organizations and institutions to maintain consistency and reliability in the actions of their members or employees. Guidelines, on the other hand, are less rigid and can sometimes allow for more discretion in following them.