Final answer:
The type of control that happens through direct supervision or administrative systems is called bureaucratic control, which is characterized by formal rules and procedures within an organizational structure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of control that occurs through direct supervision or administrative systems is called bureaucratic control. This control is characterized by a system where decisions and processes are guided by a set of formal rules and procedures, which ensure that the operation of an organization is consistent and predictable. Bureaucratic control stands in contrast to other forms of management and leadership, such as directive, hands-on, or procedural control, which may focus more on personal supervision or specific methods of accomplishing tasks. In a bureaucratic system, authority is vested in the organizational structure and the positions that people hold within that structure, rather than in any individual's personal authority or charisma. Questions and examples that dive into the nuances of control and authority in different systems and organizations help to clarify what is typically expected in a bureaucracy. Bureaucracies are often associated with the presence of a hierarchy of authority, explicit rules, and a division of labor. An important feature of bureaucracies is that they have explicit rules that guide their decision-making processes and the conduct of their members. It’s this framework that often leads to the complexity and the infamous 'red tape' associated with bureaucratic entities. Within the context of governments and other large organizations, those at the top of the bureaucratic hierarchy typically have oversight abilities over the functions and operations of the organization. This enables them to enforce compliance with established rules and procedures, thus exerting bureaucratic control.