Final answer:
The U.S. Constitution created a federal system of government which divides powers between national and state governments, aiming to unite the country under a single legal framework and balance power to preserve state sovereignty alongside an effective national governance. The correct answer is option: a. Federal form of govt.
Step-by-step explanation:
The U.S. Constitution created a federal system of government where the powers are divided between the national government and state governments. This arrangement was a compromise between a wholly national government and a confederation of independent states to create a 'more perfect union.' Under this federal system, both levels of government are sovereign in their respective areas, and the national law is supreme, effectively uniting the country under a single legal framework. The framers carefully balanced these powers to embed both national and federal characteristics within the new Constitution.
This balance of power is evident in several aspects such as the bicameral legislature with the Senate representing states equally and the existence of a President with powers such as veto over congressional legislation. Furthermore, the Supreme Court can check the constitutionality of both executive and legislative actions, thereby maintaining a nuanced balance between the different branches and levels of government.
The federal form of government places importance on the sovereignty of both the states and the nation, which was discerned as necessary to address the issues found under the previous Articles of Confederation. This new system aimed to create a union that allowed for efficient governance while preserving the liberties of states and individuals.