Final answer:
The correct answer is option A) utility. Ethicist Gerald Cavanagh and his associates discussed the ethical criteria of rights, competence, and justice, but they did not discuss utility as one of the ethical criteria.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ethicist Gerald Cavanagh and his associates described all of the following ethical criteria EXCEPT:
- A) utility.
- B) rights.
- C) competence.
- D) justice.
The correct answer is option A) utility. Ethicist Gerald Cavanagh and his associates discussed the ethical criteria of rights, competence, and justice, but they did not discuss utility as one of the ethical criteria.