Final answer:
The two major complications of O2 toxicity are pulmonary toxicity, which can cause acute respiratory distress and chronic lung damage, and central nervous system toxicity that can result in seizures and other neurological effects. 100 percent oxygen is used to treat carbon monoxide poisoning as it displaces carbon monoxide from hemoglobin, allowing normal oxygen transport.
Step-by-step explanation:
Oxygen toxicity refers to the harmful effects that occur when a person inhales too much oxygen. The two major complications of O2 toxicity are pulmonary and central nervous system damage. Pulmonary toxicity can lead to issues such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic lung damage, while central nervous system toxicity can result in seizures and other neurological effects. The administration of 100 percent oxygen can effectively treat carbon monoxide poisoning because it rapidly displaces carbon monoxide from hemoglobin, allowing oxygen to rebind and restore normal oxygen transport in the blood. Giving carbon dioxide would not work because carbon dioxide does not displace carbon monoxide from hemoglobin, nor does it facilitate the transport of oxygen to body tissues where it's critically needed.
Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Long-term exposure to high concentrations of oxygen can cause inflammatory responses in the lungs, leading to tissue damage and possibly resulting in conditions like pulmonary fibrosis or acute respiratory distress. The symptoms of pulmonary oxygen toxicity may include difficulty breathing, coughing, and chest pain.
Central Nervous System Oxygen Toxicity
Exposure to high oxygen levels can also impact the nervous system, causing symptoms such as visual disturbances, dizziness, nausea, twitching, and convulsions. In severe cases, it can lead to seizures and loss of consciousness, which can be life-threatening without immediate treatment.