Final answer:
The availability heuristic refers to the tendency to evaluate new information based on the most recent or most easily recalled examples. It occurs when people take easily remembered instances as being more representative than they objectively are, based on statistical probabilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is c) availability bias.
The availability heuristic refers to the tendency to evaluate new information based on the most recent or most easily recalled examples. It occurs when people take easily remembered instances as being more representative than they objectively are, based on statistical probabilities.
An example of the availability heuristic is when people estimate the probability of dying by violent crime or terrorism to be higher than it actually is, because these instances are prominent in the news media and easily recalled, even though they are rare occurrences compared to death by other causes.