Final answer:
The globulins that are decreased in alpha and beta thalassemia are alpha-globulins and beta-globulins respectively, which leads to the formation of abnormal hemoglobin and anemia.
Step-by-step explanation:
The globulins that are decreased in alpha and beta thalassemia are specifically the alpha-globulins in alpha thalassemia and beta-globulins in beta thalassemia. Therefore, the correct answer is (c) Alpha-globulins and Beta-globulins.
In alpha thalassemia, there is a decreased rate of synthesis of the alpha chain of globin. This disruption can lead to the formation of abnormal hemoglobin molecules due to the excess of beta chains. Conversely, in beta thalassemia, there is a decreased synthesis rate of the beta chain of globin, which similarly results in abnormal hemoglobin formation due to the excess of alpha chains.
Globulins are important for the transport of substances such as iron and lipids, as well as for immunity; specifically, gamma globulins function as antibodies. Thalassemias result in an imbalance in the production of globin chains, leading to ineffective erythropoiesis and anemia.