Final answer:
b) Smoking. Smoking, poor nutrition, and physical inactivity contribute to a hypercoagulable state, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Regular exercise, proper hydration, and a low-fat diet can help prevent such diseases. Excessive production of fibrinogen and platelets are also contributing factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The lifestyle choices that may contribute to a hypercoagulable state and thus increase the risk of cardiovascular disease include engaging in behaviors such as smoking, leading a life with poor nutrition, and physical inactivity. It is important to avoid these activities because they can lead to conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, which are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Other conditions contributing to a hypercoagulable state include excessive production of fibrinogen and excessive production of platelets. Meanwhile, choices like regular exercise, adequate hydration, and a low-fat diet help in prevention and maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system.
Though some risk factors like a family history of cardiovascular diseases, aging, and certain income and education levels cannot be controlled, making informed choices about the aforementioned lifestyle factors can help in reducing the risk. Additionally, avoiding a sedentary lifestyle and poor eating habits such as consuming high-fat or high-carbohydrate foods without adequate nutrients are pivotal in preventing hypercoagulable states and cardiovascular diseases. High blood cholesterol, obesity, and diabetes can all be mitigated through these positive lifestyle choices.