Final answer:
The first three steps in the collection of an ABG sample are preparing the patient and equipment, performing the arterial puncture, and collecting the blood sample. These steps require careful execution to ensure accurate assessment of a patient's acid-base balance and respiratory status.
Step-by-step explanation:
The collection of arterial blood gas (ABG) specimens is a critical procedure to assess a patient's acid-base balance and respiratory status. The first three steps in this process are as follows:
- Prepare the patient and the equipment: Explain the procedure to the patient and position them comfortably, ideally with the arm supported. Assemble all necessary equipment, which typically includes syringes, needles, antiseptic wipes, gauze, gloves, and ice for post-sample transport if required.
- Perform the arterial puncture: Select the appropriate arterial site, commonly the radial, brachial, or femoral artery. Use palpation to locate the artery and then cleanse the area with an antiseptic. Healthcare professionals may perform an Allen test if using the radial artery to ensure collateral circulation.
- Collect the blood sample: Insert the needle at a suitable angle into the artery with a swift, confident motion while holding the syringe. When blood flow is established into the syringe, collect the required volume of blood then withdraw the needle and apply pressure to the puncture site to prevent bleeding.
To ensure accurate and reliable results, healthcare professionals must adhere to proper collection technique, prevent air from entering the syringe, mix the blood sample with an anticoagulant if present, and promptly transport the sample while minimizing exposure to air.