Final answer:
Martin Luther compiled the 95 Theses against the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences, aiming to reform the church. He believed only God could grant forgiveness and salvation, not indulgences. Luther's actions sparked the Lutheran split from the Catholic Church.
Step-by-step explanation:
Martin Luther compiled a list of arguments against the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences in 1517. This list, known as the 95 Theses, was intended to spark a discussion and reform within the church. Luther believed that only God could grant forgiveness and that salvation depended entirely on God, not on purchasing indulgences. He also questioned the pope's authority over purgatory and the practice of granting merit from Jesus and the saints to others. Luther's actions ultimately led to the split between Lutheranism and the Catholic Church.