``Final answer:
The Thirty Years' War significantly impacted the population and economy of Europe, leading to loss of life, economic disruption, and demographic changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The aspect that suffered significantly due to the mid-17th-century conflict known as the Thirty Years' War was the population and economy. This war resulted in widespread devastation across Europe, leading to a substantial loss of life and severe economic disruption. The combination of military campaigns, political power struggles, and religious conflicts not only led to the direct loss of lives through battle and associated hardships but also had profound effects on the civilian population through famine, disease, and the overall collapse of local economies.
Furthermore, demographic changes including depopulation in certain regions contributed to significant economic troubles and signaled profound transformations in the social structure of the time.