Final answer:
The conflict waged from 1618-1648, known as the Thirty Years' War, can be seen as a resumption of previous wars, including the Hundred Years' War. so, option d is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The conflict waged from 1618-1648, known as the Thirty Years' War, can be seen as a resumption of previous wars. One of these previous wars is the Hundred Years' War, which lasted from 1337 to 1453. The Hundred Years' War was fought between England and France over claims to French lands held by the English monarch. Similarly, the Thirty Years' War involved political and religious conflicts between Catholic and Protestant states in the Holy Roman Empire, with other European countries joining the fight on different sides.
The Thirty Years' War from 1618-1648 was essentially a continuation of the Wars of the Lutheran Reformation, involving struggles between Catholic and Protestant states.
The conflict waged from 1618-1648, known as the Thirty Years' War, was in many ways a resumption of the religious conflicts of the Wars of the Lutheran Reformation. These wars were part of the broader religious wars that had continued from the previous century. The Thirty Years' War particularly involved a struggle between Catholic and Protestant states within the Holy Roman Empire and encompassed multiple European nations, with battles fought almost entirely on German lands.