Final answer:
The term referring to French Calvinists is 'Huguenots'. They followed the Calvinist doctrine of predestination and fled persecution in France to other countries, including the American colonies which is option b).
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that refers to French Calvinists is Huguenots. The Huguenots were a Protestant group in France during the time of the Protestant Reformation. Following the teachings of John Calvin, a French lawyer who fled Catholic France to lead the Reformation from Geneva, Switzerland, they adopted Calvinism which included the concept of predestination. This belief held that God had already determined who would achieve salvation. Despite persecution, including the revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV, which had previously granted them the right to worship, many Huguenots fled to other countries, such as the Protestant-friendly Carolina in America, where they contributed significantly as artisans to the colonies. In the context of the provided options, the correct answer would be 'Huguenots'.