Final answer:
Lexical access is the process of storing words for easy retrieval, and semantic encoding is the best method for remembering verbal information as it involves deeper processing and can be enhanced by the self-reference effect. The correct option is C.
Step-by-step explanation:
Lexical access is the mental process used to store words for immediate and effortless retrieval. When examining how we remember verbal information, we find that semantic encoding—the encoding of words and their meaning—plays a crucial role. In seminal research by psychologists Craik and Tulving, words that had undergone semantic encoding were better recalled than those that had been encoded either visually or acoustically.
Semantic encoding involves a deeper level of processing, which is more conducive to long-term memory retention. This encoding is especially effective when combined with the self-reference effect, where individuals remember information better if it is related to themselves.
Memory has three main functions: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system, which can be done visually, acoustically, or semantically. Storage involves retaining this information, and retrieval is the act of getting the information out of storage and back into conscious awareness. Semantic encoding proves to be the most efficient form of encoding for verbal information, bolstering both storage and retrieval of memories.