Final answer:
The ozone layer, located in the stratosphere and composed of ozone (O3), efficiently blocks harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from reaching Earth's surface and is crucial for life's sustainability on the planet.
Step-by-step explanation:
High-energy radiation from space, such as ultraviolet (UV) light, can be harmful to life on Earth. The correct answer to the question, in this case, is A) Ozone Layer which is responsible for blocking a significant amount of this radiation. The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere and consists mainly of ozone molecules (O3). The high-energy radiation from space would harm life on Earth if it were not blocked by the Ozone Layer. The ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs a portion of the radiation from the sun, especially UVB radiation. This absorption prevents harmful radiation from reaching the Earth's surface and protects life on our planet.
Due to its structure, ozone is highly effective at absorbing UVB radiation, which can lead to skin cancer, cataracts, and damage to crops and marine life if it penetrates the Earth's surface. The protection provided by the ozone layer is crucial for maintaining the viability of life on our planet. International efforts like the phase-out of harmful substances such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which contribute to ozone depletion, have been essential in preserving this protective layer.