Final answer:
The Athenian Assembly was responsible for passing all laws and making final decisions on war. This was part of the Athenian direct democracy, where every free adult male citizen had the right to vote in the Assembly. The Assembly met frequently, with a necessary quorum of 6,000 citizens to pass laws and declare war.
Step-by-step explanation:
The responsibilities of passing all laws and making all final decisions on war were characteristic of the Athenian Assembly during the Classical period. In Athens's democracy, which was a direct democracy, every free adult male citizen had the right to participate in the Assembly, which was the principal body of governance. The Athenian Assembly met at least ten times a year, and it was necessary for 6,000 citizens to convene for the Assembly to meet. In these gatherings, they voted on laws, treaties, and even declared war. Citizens could also be chosen to serve on the Council and juries, contributing further to the democratic process.
Sparta, by contrast, had a mixed political system with limited powers for its two hereditary kings, and the Assembly of Spartiates, which was advised by the Council of Elders, passed all laws and approved treaties. The Roman Senate and the Persian monarchy had different forms of leadership and structures of governance, which did not provide the same democratic opportunities to their citizens as the Athenian system did.