Final answer:
A counterclaim is B) an opposing argument that challenges the main claim, and is essential in showing a thorough understanding and research of the subject. Evidence is necessary to support one's argument as well as to refute counterclaims, thereby strengthening the credibility of the main claim.
Step-by-step explanation:
A counterclaim or counterargument is B) An opposing argument that challenges the main claim. It serves as a critical element in argumentative essays and debates. The purpose of a counterclaim is to consider opposing viewpoints and address potential objections to the main argument. This demonstrates that the writer has thoroughly researched the subject and is prepared to engage with differing perspectives, thereby strengthening their own position.
Evidence is necessary to support both the main claim and the counterclaims. It involves utilizing research findings, statistics, facts, and other reliable information to substantiate arguments. In the context of a research paper or essay, one must introduce the counterclaims early on, display understanding, and then refute them using well-reasoned arguments and evidence.
Refuting counterclaims entails identifying weaknesses in the opposition's argument and addressing them clearly and effectively. This is often done by using the opponent's language within a refutation, highlighting its shortcomings while reinforcing your stance. Making a compelling claim and responding adequately to counterarguments involve critical thinking and strategic presentation of evidence to convince the reader of the validity of one's argument.