The correct matches are as follows:
- The five digits are well-developed and include an opposable thumb. → Human
- Upper forelimb bones are shortened and phalanges are very long and flipper-like. → Whale
- Tips of digits are protected by thick pads, and claws are present. → Cat
- Central phalange is lengthened and enclosed in a hoof; other phalanges are lost. → Horse
What are the forelimb adaptation?
The five digits are well-developed and include an opposable thumb. This is a characteristic of human forelimbs, which are adapted for grasping and manipulating objects. The opposable thumb is particularly important for these functions, as it allows humans to precisely grasp and manipulate objects of various shapes and sizes.
Upper forelimb bones are shortened and phalanges are very long and flipper-like. This is a characteristic of whale forelimbs, which are adapted for swimming. The shortened bones and elongated phalanges provide a streamlined shape that reduces drag in the water, while the flipper-like shape allows whales to propel themselves through the water with efficiency.
Tips of digits are protected by thick pads, and claws are present. This is a characteristic of cat forelimbs, which are adapted for climbing and catching prey. The thick pads provide cushioning and traction when cats walk or climb, while the claws allow them to grip surfaces and catch prey.
Central phalange is lengthened and enclosed in a hoof; other phalanges are lost. This is a characteristic of horse forelimbs, which are adapted for running. The hoof provides a strong and durable surface for running, while the loss of other phalanges reduces weight and allows for greater flexibility in the hoof.