Final answer:
Guiding students' thinking for constructing a mental model is best done at (d) any stage of the reading process to provide timely support and promote deeper understanding.
Step-by-step explanation:
The best time to guide students' thinking as they construct a mental model is at any stage of the reading process. This approach to learning and comprehension ensures that guidance is provided when it is needed to facilitate understanding, whether it be before, during, or after reading. As students read, they can benefit from problem-solving strategies that appear at crucial points in the text, helping to reinforce their comprehension and enhance cognitive learning.
An effective method for reading and comprehending difficult material involves steps such as pre-read, first read, and close read. During these stages, students build mental models to visualize concepts and apply critical thinking. Furthermore, as comprehension leads to critical analysis, it is beneficial to engage students in thinking critically throughout the reading process.
Supporting critical thinking and understanding is crucial, and it often acts as the foundation for successful learning experiences. By guiding students at any point during the reading process, educators can assist in the development of a robust mental model for the material being studied, and, in turn, foster deeper learning and greater comprehension.