Final answer:
Aristotelian faculties refer to the functions or powers of the soul proposed by Aristotle, encompassing life functions in plants and animals, and rational and moral capacities in humans centered around practical wisdom and character development.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Aristotelian faculties are functions or powers attributed to the soul by Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher. His understanding of the soul was functional, defining it based on what the soul does.
All living things have souls in Aristotle's view. Plants have a vegetative soul for growth and nutrient exchange. Animals have that plus the ability to experience the world, desire, and move.
In humans, these are complemented by the capacity for reason and deliberation, which enables practical wisdom and moral character formation.
In essence, the Aristotelian faculties are the powers responsible for life functions in plants and animals, and faculties of the mind in humans, which are geared towards rationality, moral virtue, and practical wisdom as per Aristotle's philosophy.