Final answer:
Aristotle's ethic revolves around virtues such as bravery, temperance, and justice, which allow for a flourishing life, with vices being the excess or deficiency of these virtues. Habits and external factors like friendships are also integral for achieving well-being.
Step-by-step explanation:
List of Virtues and Vices According to Aristotle
Aristotle mentions several virtues and vices in his work, the Nicomachean Ethics. Virtues are traits that constitute a good character and contribute to the flourishing of a person, what Aristotle calls 'eudaimonia' or human well-being. Some of the key virtues include bravery, which is the mean between cowardice and rashness; temperance, which is about finding the balance between overindulgence and insensibility; and justice, which involves treating others fairly and appropriately.
Aristotle's conception of virtue as a mean also implies that each virtue can be flanked by vices, which are either excesses or deficiencies of the virtue. For example, in the case of bravery, cowardice is the deficiency and rashness is the excess. Others include licentiousness as an excess of temperance and stinginess as a deficiency of generosity. By understanding and practicing these virtues, Aristotle believes individuals can achieve a fulfilling and flourishing life.
Furthermore, Aristotle highlights the importance of habit in developing these virtues, asserting that they come about as a result of consistent virtuous actions. Moreover, external goods such as friendships and success play a role in one's flourishing life, complementing the development of virtue.