Final answer:
Aristotle's focus on particulars differed from Plato's focus on transcendent forms. This is a misunderstanding of the question since it concerns Aristotle and Gall, but the information provided only covers Aristotle's differences with Plato and his philosophy of matter and form.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question 'How did Aristotle's faculties differ from Gall's?' appears to involve a comparison of philosophical views, likely focusing on Aristotle's philosophical doctrines compared to those of Franz Joseph Gall. However, the provided information does not address Gall's theories or make any comparison between Aristotle and Gall. Instead, the information discusses Aristotle's differences from Plato, his understanding of matter and form, and his belief in the comprehensibility of the universe through reason.
Specifically, Aristotle challenged Plato's theory of forms, emphasizing particulars and the notion that without individual instances, there could be no knowledge of the form. Aristotle also proposed that substances are composed of matter and form, where form refers to the unchanging 'whatness' of something. This dualistic perspective on matter and form is central to Aristotle's philosophy, contrasting Plato's emphasis on transcendent forms.