Final answer:
The assertion that the temperance movement was partly influenced by new social conditions such as increased urbanization and immigration is true. The movement sought to address numerous societal woes attributed to alcohol through temperance or prohibition. Aristotle's philosophy further aligns with the temperance ideal that virtue, including temperance, lies in achieving a balance between two extremes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that the temperance movement stemmed in part from new social conditions such as increasing urbanization and immigration is true. During the 19th century, the temperance movement gained momentum as a response to the perceived social issues arising from the rapid changes in society.
The movement saw excessive alcohol consumption as a cause of numerous social problems, including poverty, crime, and domestic violence. This inclination towards reform was also a reaction to the shift from agrarian to urban living, which brought about different lifestyle challenges and exposed the negative effects of alcoholic excess in crowded cities.
Aristotle's concept of virtue as the golden mean between two vices is relevant to understanding the temperance movement's ideals. According to his Nichomachean Ethics, virtue lies in moderation, and excess, such as gluttony, or deficiency, such as insensitivity, both fail to achieve the right balance that temperance represents. Similarly, courage is the mean between the excess of foolhardiness and the deficiency of cowardice.