Final answer:
Option B: The Octagon Earthwork in Newark, Ohio was aligned with the movements of the Moon, reflecting ancient beliefs in a geocentric system where celestial bodies orbit around the Earth.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Octagon Earthwork in Newark, Ohio appears to have been built to register the movements of the Moon. Ancient civilizations often created structures that reflected their understanding of the cosmos. The Octagon Earthwork is one of these structures, aligned with lunar cycles rather than the Sun, stars, or Earth. This could be inferred because the movements of the Sun and stars were understood differently than today.
Ancient peoples often saw Earth as the center of a celestial sphere, leading to geocentric models like the Ptolemaic system, where the Moon and planets revolved around the Earth. The choice of the Moon is also supported by the fact that the movements of the Moon had special significance in ancient systems of thought, as it was one of the seven objects that could 'wander' through the sky.