Final answer:
To address water supply challenges in growing Rome, Roman engineers built aqueducts that brought clean water from distant sources, utilizing innovations like water-resistant cement and strategically placed reservoirs.
Step-by-step explanation:
Rome was known for its advanced engineering achievements, particularly in supplying water to its booming population. Initially relying on the Tiber River, springs, and wells, the Romans faced challenges as these sources became polluted and insufficient. To solve this, Roman aqueducts were constructed, tapping into distant water sources and channeling it through a network of bridges, channels, and tunnels to supply clean water to the city.
To transport water across valleys, arched bridges were constructed, but when possible, ground channels and tunnels were preferred for their efficiency and lower construction costs. Further innovations included the use of water-resistant cement in aqueduct linings and the strategic placement of reservoirs near the water source rather than within the city itself. The aqueducts also fed the city's sewer system, contributing to Rome's remarkable infrastructure.