Final answer:
A temple surrounded by a row of free-standing columns is called a peristyle temple.
Step-by-step explanation:
A temple surrounded by a row of free-standing columns is called a peristyle temple. The peristyle temple is characterized by its colonnade, which consists of a row of columns surrounding the main building. This architectural feature can be seen in the hypostyle hall of the Temple of Amun-Re in Karnak, Egypt, which has a large number of massive columns.