Final answer:
The site where dwelling units had their own shrine and accessed through roof openings is Çatalhöyük. Evidence of Neolithic religious practices, including the worship of a mother-deity, was found there. Additionally, the Mesopotamians named the Indus Valley civilization 'Meluhha', with cities like Mohenjo-Daro having citadels that likely served religious functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The dwelling units that featured their own shrine and were accessed through roof openings could be found at Çatalhöyük. This Neolithic site, located in what's now Turkey, had unique architectural features such as adjoined walls and roof access that differentiated it from other ancient sites. The design allowed for residents to move between buildings via the roofs and to enter their homes through openings in the roof. Moreover, many dwellings contained shrines, suggesting religious activities were intertwined with daily life.
Çatalhöyük is also notable for the evidence suggesting that the inhabitants shared a belief in a mother-deity. This religious aspect is emphasized by the discovery of small figurines of a woman that were possibly used in worship.
The Mesopotamians referred to the Indus Valley civilization by the name Meluhha, and this civilization had cities like Mohenjo-Daro with a citadel that may have served as a ceremonial center for religious purposes. The citadel areas in these cities showed evidence of ritual activity, including a large public bath which could be associated with religious cleansing, and halls that suggest gatherings for religious functions.
Jericho, another Neolithic settlement, was distinct with its construction of a tower that indicates some form of government was present to organize labor and materials for its infrastructure, which may also have served to mark the passage of the solar year.