Final answer:
The stones used in Stonehenge's post and lintel construction are called trilithons, consisting of two vertical megaliths and a horizontal lintel.
Step-by-step explanation:
The name of the group of stones used in Stonehenge's post and lintel construction around 2300 BCE are called trilithons. Each trilithon within Stonehenge is made up of three large stone blocks — two standing megaliths that support a third, horizontally placed lintel. This method of construction is characterized by its simplistic design yet monumental scale, requiring great precision and effort to execute. Stonehenge, with its complex of circular ditches, henges, and an outer ring, serves as a prime example of Neolithic engineering. The massive stones of Stonehenge, some weighing up to 50 tons, were quarried and shaped using simple tools and were likely transported to the site using methods involving felled trees and earthen mounds, demonstrating the ingenuity of prehistoric populations.