Final answer:
Drinking alcohol should be avoided by clients with cirrhosis of the liver and esophageal varices, as it worsens liver damage and can exacerbate complications.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cirrhosis of the liver is characterized by the replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrous scar tissue. This condition leads to a reduction in liver function and can have many different causes, including excessive alcohol intake, viral hepatitis, and absorption of large amounts of iron leading to conditions like hemochromatosis. When working with a client who has cirrhosis with esophageal varices, it is important to avoid activities that can increase pressure in the veins or exacerbate liver damage.
Among the activities listed, the nurse should instruct the client to avoid drinking alcohol. Alcohol consumption can significantly worsen liver damage and is often a contributing factor to the development of cirrhosis. The client should also avoid vigorous physical activity that could lead to increased abdominal pressure and potentially cause varices to rupture. While a high-fiber diet and taking iron supplements can be beneficial for some patients, in the context of cirrhosis and without specific guidance from a physician, it is important to be cautious as they can have an impact on liver function and health.
In summary, the activity the nurse should instruct the client to avoid is drinking alcohol, due to the risk of increased liver damage and complications related to cirrhosis and esophageal varices.