Final answer:
The question relates to different methods of fossil preservation in paleontology, including unaltered preservation of soft or hard parts, altered hard parts, and trace fossils, with minerals like apatite, calcite, aragonite, opal, and chitin indicating the preservation state.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject referred to in the question 'Hard, soft, behavior/traces, chemistry/biomarkers' relates to the different types of fossil preservation. Unaltered fossils can contain biologically produced minerals such as apatite (found in bones and teeth), calcite (common in shells and known to fizz in acid), aragonite (an unstable polymorph of calcite), and opal (a type of silica present in marine animals and plants). The hard parts of some insects and arthropods are comprised of chitin. The ability to identify minerals in a fossil helps to determine whether it is original material or has been altered. The fossil preservation methods include unaltered preservation of soft or hard parts, altered hard parts, and trace fossils. Altered hard parts can undergo processes such as permineralization, recrystallization, replacement, carbonization, or dissolution.
Given these considerations, the correct option that best defines the types listed in the question is C. Types of fossils.