Final answer:
In a Galvanic cell, the anode has a negative charge because it is the electrode at which oxidation occurs, resulting in the release of electrons that flow through the external circuit to the cathode.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a Galvanic cell, the anode has a negative charge. This is because in a galvanic (or voltaic) cell, the chemical reaction is spontaneous, and oxidation occurs at the anode, leading to a loss of electrons that flow out of the anode to the cathode. The anode's role is critical as it is the source of electrons that then move through the external circuit to reach the cathode.
Oxidation is the process where an atom, ion, or molecule loses electrons. In the context of the Galvanic cell, the anode's substance will undergo oxidation; for instance, Zn going to Zn2+ in a Zn/Cu Galvanic cell. Electrons released during this process travel to the cathode, where they are gained by another atom, ion, or molecule during the reduction process. The anode is often made of a metal such as zinc or cadmium, while the cathode can be made of metals like copper or silver, depending on the specific Galvanic cell setup.
In electrolytic cells, the situation is reversed; the anode is positive because it is attached to the positive terminal of the battery, forcing electrons to flow into the anode. However, this question specifically asks about the Galvanic cell, where the anode is negative as it donates electrons to the circuit.