Final answer:
D. All of the above is the correct answer as Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, and the Indus Valley Civilization were all advanced societies that thrived before European contact.
Step-by-step explanation:
These civilizations: Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, and the Indus Valley Civilization were all highly advanced and flourished prior to European contact, which makes D. All of the above the correct answer. The Indus Valley Civilization, with major cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, was notable for its urban planning, drainage systems, and a culture that spread across what is today Afghanistan, Pakistan, and western India. Mesopotamia, known as the Cradle of Civilization, made contributions in areas such as agriculture, writing, law, and mathematics. Ancient Egypt was similarly advanced, known for its monumental architecture like pyramids and temples, a complex society, and its connections through trade with other cultures.
The civilizations that were highly advanced and flourished prior to European contact are Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, and the Indus Valley Civilization.
These civilizations were highly advanced and flourished prior to European contact: D. All of the above.