Final answer:
The answer to the student's question about the momentary change in a cell's electrical potential allowing the transmission of a signal is B. Action potential, which is a key component in neural signaling.
Step-by-step explanation:
An action potential is a momentary change in the electrical potential of a nerve cell, which allows it to transmit a signal or impulse towards another nerve cell. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitter molecules which travel across the synapse to bind to receptors on the other cell, initiating another action potential.
This change allows nerve cells to transmit signals or impulses towards other nerve cells. When a neuron receives sufficient input from other neurons, typically neurotransmitters binding to the dendrites, the neuron's membrane potential reverses from negative to positive due to sodium ions flowing into the cell. This reversal travels along the cell membrane as a voltage pulse, which we recognize as an action potential. When this impulse reaches the axon terminal, it triggers the release of neurotransmitter molecules into the synaptic cleft, thus enabling neurotransmission to the next neuron.