Final answer:
Waterborne diseases are caused by pathogens in contaminated water due to improper sanitation, with cholera being a notable example. Prevention includes water treatment and safe food handling practices.
Step-by-step explanation:
The diseases caused by contaminated food and water due to a lack of proper sanitation are known as waterborne diseases. These diseases are typically caused by microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, which thrive in water that is contaminated with sewage or animal waste. Common symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, and a range of other issues like skin and eye problems. An example of a waterborne disease is cholera. Preventative measures include chlorine-based sanitation of drinking water and proper handling of foods to reduce the risk of contamination and subsequent illness.