Final answer:
The major difference lies in the relationship between the amount of value given and received; exchange transactions involve a direct exchange of equal value, while non-exchange transactions do not.
Step-by-step explanation:
The major difference between an exchange transaction and a non-exchange transaction for governmental units is d) The relationship between the amount of value given and received. In an exchange transaction, there is a direct exchange of goods or services of approximately equal value between the parties involved. Participants in these transactions are typically motivated by self-interest, as they seek to get more than they give, which often reflects the nature of market exchanges driven by the desire for profit.
On the other hand, a non-exchange transaction involves a transfer where one party may receive value without directly giving equivalent value in return. This includes activities such as government grants, donations, and other forms of financial assistance where the receiver does not provide goods or services directly in exchange for the financial benefit received.