Final answer:
The statement endorses governance based on reason and aligns with the philosophy of rulers using knowledge and wisdom, a thought common in eighteenth-century enlightenment ideals, contrasting with divine right theories.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'That is why we allow only reason, not a human being, to be a ruler' suggests a preference for a form of governance that is guided by rational thought and principles rather than the whims or personal judgments of individual leaders. This idea aligns closely with the notion of a government led by philosophical rulers, as mentioned by Al-Farabi, where leaders use theoretical and practical knowledge to determine the wisdom of actions. It also resonates with eighteenth-century enlightenment thoughts, as outlined in John Locke's work, which emphasized law and reason embedded in nature and the government's role in protecting and improving the well-being of its citizens. The concept can further be contrasted with the divine right theory, where power is seen as granted exclusively by a divine being, an idea that is less reliant on reason and more on tradition and faith.