Final answer:
Structural methods like beach nourishment, seawalls, groins, and breakwaters are used to combat shoreline erosion; conservation and relocation efforts are non-structural strategies. However, some interventions like dredging may harm marine ecosystems.
Step-by-step explanation:
Beach nourishment, seawalls, groins, and breakwaters are some of the structural methods used to address shoreline erosion problems. Beach nourishment involves adding sand or sediment to shorelines to counteract erosion. Seawalls are constructed parallel to the coast to protect the shore from wave action, absorbing and deflecting wave energy. Groins are structures built perpendicular to the shoreline to trap sand moved by longshore drift, thus slowing erosion. Breakwaters are offshore structures designed to protect the coast by breaking the force of waves, minimizing erosion caused by wave action.
Varying strategies such as conservation of wetlands provide natural protection against storm surges and flooding. Additionally, urban adaptation strategies like relocation of citizens or creating green spaces are used in response to rising sea levels. However, some methods like dredging have adverse effects on marine ecosystems, damaging reefs and marine habitats, potentially harming local economies based on fisheries and tourism. Thus, coastal management strategies need to be chosen carefully to balance protection with ecological considerations.