Final answer:
Flash floods, coastal floods, river floods, and ice jams are various categories of floods. Common measures of flood control include urbanization, deforestation, channelization, and levees.
Step-by-step explanation:
Flooding can be categorized into various types:
- Flash floods: These are sudden and intense floods caused by heavy rainfall, typically in a short period of time. They occur in areas with poor drainage systems.
- Coastal floods: These occur when oceanic or sea water overflows onto land, often due to storms or high tides.
- River floods: These happen when rivers exceed their capacity and overflow their banks. They are often caused by heavy rainfall over a prolonged period.
- Ice jams: These occur when ice accumulates and blocks the flow of a river, causing water to back up and flood the surrounding areas.
Common measures of flood control include:
- Urbanization: Proper urban planning can reduce the risk of floods by implementing adequate drainage systems and managing runoffs.
- Deforestation: Trees play a crucial role in absorbing water. Cutting down trees can increase the risk of floods.
- Channelization: Altering the natural flow of rivers and streams can redirect water and prevent flooding.
- Levees: These are embankments or barriers built along riverbanks to contain water and prevent flooding.