Final answer:
A cloud-based accounting solution is the type of accounting system that offers a subscription-based model without an upfront investment, allowing for web-based access and vendor-managed data storage.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of accounting system that provides a subscription-based model with no upfront investment is c. A cloud-based accounting solution with the software residing on the web and data storage provided by the vendor. This model allows for access to the software and data through the internet, which means that users do not need to handle in-house installations or maintain servers for data storage. Instead, the cloud service provider manages the infrastructure, software updates, and security, offering a more flexible and scalable solution that is ideal for small to medium-sized businesses or companies looking to minimize initial capital expenditure on IT infrastructure.