Final answer:
Divergent speciation can occur through allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation. Allopatric speciation involves geographic separation, while sympatric speciation occurs within a shared habitat.
Step-by-step explanation:
Speciation in biology refers to the formation of new species from a single original species. Divergent speciation can occur through two main means: allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation. Allopatric speciation involves the geographic separation of populations, which leads to the evolution of distinct species. Sympatric speciation, on the other hand, occurs within a shared habitat, where reproductive isolation mechanisms cause populations to diverge and become genetically independent species.