Final answer:
Biotic interactions seen in primary succession include the establishment of pioneer species such as lichens and hearty plants, followed by the colonization of mosses and grasses that enrich the soil. These early stages set the stage for more complex interactions as shrubs and trees begin to grow and form a stable ecosystem.
Step-by-step explanation:
Biotic Interactions in Primary Succession: During primary succession, an area devoid of life begins to be colonized by organisms, starting with pioneer species. Initially, this process occurs on surfaces such as fresh lava flows, where conditions are harsh and minimal soil exists. Over time, biotic interactions among different species play a crucial role in soil development and ecosystem formation. These interactions start with organisms like lichens and some hearty plants that can survive with little to no soil. The presence of these pioneer species facilitates the breakdown of rocky substrate into soil, enabling other plants to gain a foothold.As the soil develops, organisms such as mosses and grasses start to grow.
These provide new habitats for other organisms and contribute to soil enrichment through their life cycles. As the ecosystem evolves, a variety of biotic interactions, such as competition for resources, pollination, and symbiotic relationships, all contribute to the changing landscape. Eventually, shrubs and trees begin to overshadow grasses, thereby continuing this succession toward a more mature and stable ecosystem, often culminating in a forest environment.