Final answer:
Spermatogenesis results in four haploid sperm cells, and oogenesis produces one haploid egg cell, making option c) the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis both involve the production of gametes through meiosis. In spermatogenesis, four haploid sperm cells are created from a diploid precursor. Each sperm cell contains half the number of chromosomes compared to the body's diploid cells. In oogenesis, while also starting from a diploid precursor, only one haploid egg cell is produced, with the other three cells formed during meiosis becoming polar bodies and eventually degenerating. Therefore, the correct characterization of spermatogenesis and oogenesis in terms of number, ploidy, and type of cells produced is: spermatogenesis creates four haploid sperm cells, and oogenesis produces one haploid egg cell.
So the correct answer to the question is c) Spermatogenesis: 4, haploid, sperm cells; Oogenesis: 1, haploid, egg cell.