Final answer:
A spiral, scroll-like ornament on Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite Order capitals is called a volute. Volute is a key feature of the Ionic capital's design and differs significantly from the simpler Doric order. The Corinthian order is known for its elaborate acanthus leaf carvings and is a more intricate evolution of the earlier Classical orders.
Step-by-step explanation:
The spiral, scroll-like ornament found on the capitals of the Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite Orders is known as a volutes. In the Corinthian order, the capital is particularly recognizable for its ornate style with acanthus leaves, and the Composite order features a combination of Ionic and Corinthian elements, including the volutes and acanthus leaves, respectively. The volutes are iconic features of the Ionic capitals and shaped similar to scrolls or cinnamon rolls. The Ionic order derives from Ionia in central Anatolia and showcases a more intricate design than the simpler Doric order, which is characterized by its plain capital and absence of a base.
The Doric order, known for its sturdy proportions and fluted columns, uses a simple, unadorned column capital. It is the earliest and most minimalist of the Classical orders, resting directly on the stylobate without a base. The Doric entablature includes a frieze with triglyphs and metopes. While the Corinthian order is easily identifiable by the acanthus leaf motifs on the capitals, the Ionic order is distinguished by the volutes.